Printing and dyeing, also known as dyeing and finishing, is a processing method and a general term for dyeing, printing, finishing, washing, etc. China's printing and dyeing industry has developed rapidly, and its processing capacity ranks first in the world. It is already a major textile printing and dyeing country.
1. Printing: generally includes four procedures: bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing.
2. Dyeing: generally includes three procedures: color training, dyeing and finishing.
3. Practice bleaching: short for dyeing pretreatment.
(1) Both printing and dyeing are dyed with fibers, which gives the fabric a colorful and colorful appearance. The difference between dyeing and printing is that dyeing is to make the fabric full-color and form a single color, usually called plain fabric; while printing is to partially color the fabric according to the previously designed pattern to form multiple colors and patterns.
(2) Finishing: After the fabric is bleached, dyed and printed, physical and chemical methods should be used to further improve the appearance and practical effect of the fabric. It is as follows:
A. Increase the appearance of the fabric: increase the gloss of the fabric and increase the whiteness of the fabric, mainly including whitening, calendering, electro-optical, shearing, shrinking, etc .;
B. Improve the appearance of the fabric: If the fabric feels soft, stiff, plump, smooth, etc., there are mainly soft finishing, stiff finishing and other processes;
C. Improve the dimensional stability of the fabric: there are mainly tentering, pre-shrinking, setting, shrinking and other processes;
D. Make the fabric special: if the chemical method is used to make the fabric waterproof, flameproof and mothproof;
Generally good bedding fabrics must go through strict finishing before leaving the factory, such as color fastness and shrinkage must meet the standard requirements. For ordinary and lower-grade bedding, the fabric is generally only printed by simple printing, the process is simple, and the physical properties, chemical properties and color effects are poor.
Yang Danjiang stores generally use high-quality fabrics, which have passed strict quality inspections. This is the key to the hot business of stores.
Dyeing process of printing and dyeing auxiliary
1. Cloth distribution-arrange the blanks from the weaving plant according to the production plan of the dyeing plant, put the cloth into the cloth car and wait for the subsequent process. Function: ① Generally placed for 12-24 hours to eliminate the tension during weaving and prevent dyeing spots caused by the tension of the fabric during dyeing. ② Open the blank without opening. For example, it is necessary to wash and order cloths.
Second, washing-mainly used in the process containing OP cloth, completed by washing machine (also called scouring). Function ① Remove oil, dirt and soil from fabric. ② Relax fabric tension and internal stress.
3. Refining——Polyester elastic knitted fabric, due to uneven stress during processing, creases and wrinkles often occur due to the shrinkage of spandex. The fabric tension should be released to relax and shrink, but because there is no slack machine Can only be refined in the dyeing tank. Due to scouring in the dyeing tank, and the dyeing machine has a certain tension, there is no guarantee that the fabric will shrink evenly under tensionless conditions, so when processing spandex knitting, there are abnormalities.
Fourth, the reservation-because the fabric contains spandex, spandex is easy to shrink during weaving and easy to produce storage creases and wrinkles and spandex has an oiling process in the production process. When dyeing, try to consider removing the oil through the cloth Scheduled, ① can basically eliminate storage creases, wrinkles ② evaporate the oil inside the fabric to the surface of the fabric through a predetermined high temperature to remove the oil before finishing and refining. ③ Eliminate the edge shrinkage of spandex cloth, improve the quality of front dyeing.
Fifth, cut the sample to the color-the function corrects the color, so that the color meets the customer's requirements.
6. Dyeing-The main points include the following:
①. Picking——Influent——Chemicals——Adding additives——Feeding——Adjust the heating curve
②. Exceptions that are easy to produce:
A. Poor operation. If knotting occurs in dyeing, it will easily produce serious colored flowers.
B. The temperature is too fast, and the coloring is too fast in a short time. The holding time is not enough, and the leveling time is not enough.
C. The high hardness of a certain period of time due to water supply.
D. Improper adjustment of PH value, especially when using high-fastness dyes to make ultra-fine OP-containing fabrics, color flowers or color differences are prone to occur.
E. The compatibility of the color formula is not good, the dye is poor in stability and reproducibility at high temperature, and color flower or color difference is easy to occur.
F. The dyeing tank is not cleaned well when the hue is changed in the dyeing row, resulting in stained oil stains or massive colored flowers on the cloth surface during dyeing.
G. The size of the nozzle is not suitable, and it is easy to produce strip-shaped flowers.
H. The fabric contains a lot of oil, and it is not clean to remove oil. When dyeing, it is easy to produce color flowers at the place where the oil is not clean.
I. The dyeing volume is too large or the cloth is too long.
J. The speed of dyeing cloth is too slow.
K. The effectiveness of the auxiliary used in dyeing is unstable or the compatibility of the dye element with the auxiliary is poor.
L. Slack refining efficiency is not good.
M. The dyeing volume is too large.
N. The dyeing machine is not operating normally.
U. The cooling speed is too fast during dyeing, so that the cloth surface from the high temperature directly enters the cold water state to form small lateral folds.
V. Irrational nozzle selection.
W. Poor dye migration.
X. During dyeing, the temperature in the dyeing stage is too fast, and the tension of the dyed fabric is too large (this means that the nozzle pressure and the speed of the belt wheel are not adjusted, resulting in a too fast line speed, and the fabric tension becomes larger). Fold, and the color of the crease is different from the color of other parts.
7. Dehydration:
① After dyeing, try to dehydrate in time as possible, because the weight of OP-containing cloth will increase when carrying water, and it is easy to produce backlog creases and wrinkles.
②The dehydrator cage should be clean to prevent staining and wire snagging.
③ When dehydrating, it should be noted that the time should not be too long, and the dehydrated fabric should not be too much. Otherwise, it will cause a lot of "color flowers" on the surface of the fabric due to excessive dehydration.
8. Reduction washing-The purpose of post-treatment is to remove the floating color on the surface of the fabric, in order to improve the fabric's rubbing fastness, washing fastness, sublimation fastness and dye migration fastness.
Nine, medium reduction reduction wash-Over medium determination, can make the dye in the fiber and the dye unformed area sublimate to the surface of the fabric after high temperature, after the reduction into the cylinder to wash, so that the stain on the surface of the fiber is removed. To achieve the purpose of improving color fastness. Another purpose is to make the weight of the door.
Ten, Cheng Ding:
① The filter screen of the setting machine should be cleaned regularly and the temperature in each box should be adjusted reasonably to prevent the temperature difference in the oven from being too large and uneven.
② The left and right pressures of the setting over-water rolling should be controlled the same to prevent unevenness caused by the difference between the left and right pressures.
③ The setting air volume should be set to the process standard and be followed to prevent unevenness caused by improper air volume adjustment.
