The compound synergistic technology of textile additives has a large investment in the development of new structural iron textile additives, and the production and three wastes have caused environmental and ecological pollution. Therefore, since the 1970s, the compound synergistic technology or alloy of textile additives The technology has been applied more and more due to the advantages of low investment, no three wastes, and the ability to produce products with excellent performance.

At present, the compounding and synergistic technology of textile additives can be roughly divided into two methods. The first method is to use two or more additives with different properties to formulate according to a certain principle, which is called the external compounding method. It has better performance than the components, which is the main method adopted for the development of new textile additives at home and abroad, especially in China. For example, amino silicone softeners have excellent long-term softness, but have poor water absorption. By blending polyurethane prepolymers, both the unique softness and smoothness of silicone and polyurethane prepolymers can be obtained. The new variety of fullness, soft resilience and water absorption, etc .; Another example is the good biodegradability of alkyl alcohol ether carboxylate (AEC), resistance to hard water, excellent emulsification, dispersion, wetting, and increasing Solubility and other properties are the main raw materials for the manufacture of green pretreatment agents. The compound with alkyl siloxane not only retains the above advantages, but also improves the softening effect, so that the fabric is wrinkle-free and does not yellow. It is an excellent green fabric. Softener. The second way is to introduce another auxiliary functional group on the auxiliary structure, so that the new auxiliary has new functions, called internal compounding method, such as introducing emulsifiable groups on the silicone molecular chain , So that the new additives can be emulsified into micro-emulsion alone without emulsifier.

Classification and function of textile dyeing and finishing additives

1. Printing and dyeing pre-treatment agent: The printing and dyeing pre-treatment process includes fiber singeing, desizing, smelting, bleaching, mercerizing and other processing processes. It is necessary to add penetrants, emulsifiers, cleaning agents and other surfactants. Sulfonates and polyoxyethylene ethers are the main ones.

(A) Penetrant

Wetting agents, penetrants commonly used in the textile industry are sulfate ester of butyl ricinoleate, sodium salt of butyl naphthalene sulfonate, etc. In neutral solution, sodium dioctyl succinate sulfonate has particularly strong penetration ability; besides the above varieties in acidic solution, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is commonly used; while in strong alkaline In the solution, such as mercerizing process, a shorter carbon chain sulfate ester such as octanol sulfate is used.

(B) Emulsifier

Emulsifiers are often oiled due to the improvement of the lubricating properties of silk and yarn during the textile process. But before printing and dyeing, the oil should be removed to avoid affecting the dyeing. Therefore, emulsifiers should be added to these textile oils in advance, or emulsifiers should be added in the cleaning bath to ensure the removal of oil spots. Generally, nonionic surfactants are used.

(C) Cleaning agent

Is a detergent and cleaning agent to remove oil stains on textile articles. In the past, soap was the mainstay, but now various synthetic detergents and non-ionic surfactants are used, including oleic acid amide derivatives with a slightly higher price. In addition, there are enzymes used to promote starch hydrolysis during desizing; activators and anti-corrosion agents added during bleaching accelerate the bleaching process and increase whiteness without corroding equipment. At present, it has been developed to complete one bath of desizing, smelting and bleaching, and the use of new compound powerful cleaning aids.

Second, printing and dyeing aids: There are many types of dyes, different dyeing processes, and corresponding supporting auxiliary agents are needed. Therefore, there are many types of such auxiliary agents, mainly including the following:

(A) Water softener

Is a metal ion chelating agent. Heavy metal ions in water often affect the color or solubility of the dye, and can be remedied with such additives. Commonly used varieties are sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium triacetate and sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

(B) Dispersant

Is also called diffusing agent. When printing and dyeing with disperse dyes and vat dyes, dispersants and protective colloids should be added to ensure uniform dyeing and prevent stains. Commonly used dispersants are sulfonated oils (Swire oil, Turkish oil), sodium alkyl or long-chain amidobenzenesulfonates, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, sodium lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, oleoyl Polyamine carboxylate, etc.

(C) Solvents and co-solvents

Some dyes need to add solvents to help dissolve when using or formulating liquid dyes, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycol ethers, formamide, thiodiethanol, etc. can be used as dye solvents; For cyan dyeing, the co-solvent and copper salt are used. For the vat dye, the co-solvent sodium benzylaminobenzenesulfonate is used.

(D) Fixing agent and color development aid

When dyeing with direct dyes, acid dyes and reactive dyes, it is treated with a fixing agent before and after dyeing, which can improve the amount of color and fastness. The fixing agent is mainly amine salt and polymer quaternary ammonium salt. Printing dyes sometimes need to use color development aids, such as diethylethanolamine for fast-amine steaming.

(E) Reducing agent and oxidizing agent

Vat dyes must be dissolved with a reducing agent before use. Commonly used insurance powder (sodium dithionite), hanging white block (formaldehyde sodium hyposulfite), thiourea dioxide. Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, a mild oxidant, can be used for anti-dyeing of vat dyes. This product can also be used in printing pastes to protect the dyes from the reducing components that may be in the paste.

(F) Levelling agent

Is a leveling agent. The dyes usually use polyoxyethylene ether surfactants as leveling agents. Cationic dyes should use cationic surfactants, and acid dyes should use anionic surfactants.